"In 2024, it cost $N to run a Mastodon instance with ~1000 active users for a year. By the end of 2025, that figure had dropped to $0.5N, due to the launch of X, Y, Z."
What are X, Y, and Z?
In terms of cost, consider systems administration and moderation as paid work, even if the admin is not paying themselves for either of these things.
X = content addressable distributed file shares (i.e., ipfs, etc) for storage to diffuse the cost of cloud storage across all members on the server.
Y = content distribution cooperative to increase buying power worldwide for data connectivity.
Z = p2p client update propagation between members of the same server to reduce the hit rate on the servers themselves.